This MD thesis project investigates the role of immune checkpoints in esophageal cancer, focusing on their expression in tissue, serum levels, and correlation with clinical outcomes. By integrating biomarker analysis, molecular profiling, and patient data, the study aims to uncover prognostic markers and therapeutic insights to advance immuno-oncology in esophageal cancer. This translational research bridges clinical and molecular approaches, providing valuable experience in both fields.

Introduction

Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a major global health challenge, with poor prognosis due to late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Immune checkpoints, which regulate immune responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME), have gained prominence as key players in cancer progression and as targets for immunotherapy. However, their role in EC, particularly their expression patterns, serum levels, and correlation with clinical outcomes, is not well characterized.

This study aims to explore immune checkpoint expression and its systemic levels in EC, leveraging tissue and serum analysis to uncover potential prognostic markers and therapeutic insights.

Hypothesis

Immune checkpoint expression in esophageal cancer is associated with distinct immune profiles and clinical outcomes, offering potential prognostic and therapeutic value.

Methods

Sample Collection and Analysis

• Serum levels of selected immune checkpoints will be quantified in a cohort of EC patients.
• Immune checkpoint expression in tissue will be assessed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples.

Immune Profile Analysis

• Molecular profiling of immune-related genes will be performed to compare immune checkpoint expression across high and low expressor groups.

Clinical Correlation

• The relationship between immune checkpoint expression and short-term clinical data, such as treatment response and survival, will be analyzed.

Statistical Methods

• Appropriate statistical techniques will be employed to identify correlations and prognostic significance, adjusting for potential confounders.

Expected Outcome

This study will provide a comprehensive understanding of immune checkpoint dynamics in EC and their relationship with clinical outcomes, contributing to the identification of potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Academic Background

• Medical degree (MD) or enrollment in an MD program, with an interest in general and visceral surgery.

Research Skills

• Basic knowledge of immunology and cancer biology.
• Familiarity with laboratory techniques such as ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), or molecular profiling is advantageous.
• Experience or willingness to learn data analysis and statistical methods relevant to clinical and molecular research.

Practical Responsibilities

• Collaborate with clinical teams for patient sample collection (serum and tissue).
• Assist with laboratory experiments, including biomarker quantification and tissue analysis.
• Work with bioinformatics tools to analyze molecular profiling data.
• Maintain accurate documentation of experimental and clinical data.

Soft Skills

• Strong organizational and time-management skills to balance research and clinical commitments.
• Effective communication skills for interdisciplinary collaboration and potential presentation of findings.

Compliance

• Adherence to ethical guidelines for patient consent and sample handling.
• Compliance with institutional research protocols and data protection regulations.

The project offers a unique opportunity to engage in translational research, bridging clinical practice and molecular insights, while contributing to the evolving field of immuno-oncology.